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History of Russian Spacecrafts

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Soviet Spacecrafts != 100% Russian Spacecrafts.

Because Soviet Union consisted of 15 republics and many nations works on creating Soviet Spacecrafts.

Alexander Zasyadko was Ukrainian, born in Lyutenka village (Poltava oblast, Ukraine), gunner and specialist in rocketry.

Sergey Korolev was Ukrainian, born in Zhytomyr (Ukraine), studied at an Odesa Trade School and Kyiv Polytechnic Institute.

Valentyn Glushko was Ukrainian, born in Odesa (Ukraine), studied at an Odesa Trade School to be sheet metal worker.

"Yuzhmash" and "YUZHNOYE Design Bureau" located in Dnipro (Ukraine)

JSC "Khartron" (formely NPO "Electropribor") located in Kharkiv (Ukraine)

"ANTONOV Design Bureau" located in Kyiv (Ukraine)

P.S. For Apollo mission to Moon NASA used LOR[0] initially developed by Yuri Kondratyuk (real name Oleksandr Ignatovych Shargey), born in Poltava (Ukraine).[1]

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_orbit_rendezvous

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Kondratyuk

The Dutch say the same thing about Holland. The reality is that the name of a province hosting the capital city is often substituted for the name of the country.

I saw an old man interviewed once. He was demanding that "newfoundland" be listed as his birthplace on his passport, not Canada. He was technically correct (NL was not part of canada when he was born) but it's not worth the fight imho.

Till 1990 all citizens of Soviet Union called as "soviet people", but every citizen has stamped his nation (according parents nation or each soviet republic, where they born) in their personal passports.

So, your story with Dutch/Holland not related in any way to Soviet Union story.

P.P.S. Ivan Maximovich Piddubny[0] (mispelled as Poddubny[1]), the Champion of Champions, born in Krasenivka village (Cherkasy oblast, Ukraine), also identified himself as Ukrainian and never as Russian in his Soviet Union passport.[2,3]

[0] https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B4%D1%83...

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Poddubny

[2] http://www.ukrweekly.com/old/archive/2000/210017.shtml

[3] https://culture.voicecrimea.com.ua/en/ivan-piddubny-how-the-...

That’s misleading. Soviet passport “nationality” is called ethnicity in English. Using ethnicity as the primary classifier for people is no longer polite in the west (or Ukraine), except in the context of affirmative action. Therefore it’s safe to say word Russian in the title means pars pro toto Soviet nationality, not Russian ethnicity.

BTW, including ethnicity on official documents is now considered a violation of human rights in the West and (I believe) in Ukraine. Interestingly, it was originally added to the passport by Stalin to enable affirmative action. And only later used for ethnic cleansing and discrimination.

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.549...

> Therefore it’s safe to say word Russian in the title means Soviet nationality, not Russian ethnicity.

That is misinterpretation and not safe anywhere outside Russia.

This was part of Soviet propaganda to denationalize citizens in Soviet Union republics by claiming them all "Russian" or "soviet people".

Actual Russian Federation politics use same but instead of claiming "Russian", Russian propaganda nowadays use term "Russian-speaking" citizens around the world as part of Russian Federation population.

It’s hard to follow you on this.

After graduating I went backpacking round the Middle East and eastern Mediterranean with a Welsh friend - I’m English.

Everywhere we went people would say “Ah, you are English!” to us and he’d explain that no actually he was Welsh, and they’d look at him as though he was crazy or winding them up. It drove him up the wall.

Again, you wrong there too.*

> * Comparison is not correct and not related to Soviet Union story, because in Soviet Union person nation was documented in passport. This was not just social identification.

I’m not sure what you mean by “wrong there too”, that was my first comment on this topic.

Thank you for the clarification. What simonh is trying to say is that from the western side of the Iron Curtain, we failed to differentiate the second world, often referring by synechdoche[1] even to Warsaw Pact members, let alone the various республик, as "russia".

прімер: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wHylQRVN2Qs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union "In the English-speaking world, the Soviet Union was also informally called Russia and its citizens Russians,[22] although that was technically incorrect since Russia was only one of the republics.[23] Such misapplications of the linguistic equivalents to the term Russia and its derivatives were frequent in other languages as well."

[1] similar to the way in which the logo from just one of New York's baseball teams can be considered as referring to the entire metropolitan area, an area which, strictly speaking, spreads over three distinct US states.

PS. For what it's worth, I could easily see our "Festbank" village fêtes in https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXI_T_9uU6s . We may be alcoholics, but not being savages, we also eat while we drink. Apart from folkloric costume, the biggest difference I could observe is that we have copious amounts of melted cheese along with our pickles and potatoes.

Turns out there is a name for this:

Pars pro toto (/ˌpɑːrz proʊ ˈtoʊtoʊ/,[1] Latin: [ˈpars proː ˈtoːtoː]), Latin for '"a part (taken) for the whole"',[2] is a figure of speech where the name of a portion of an object, place, or concept is used or taken to represent its entirety.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pars_pro_toto

Pars pro toto usage is especially common in political geography, with examples including "Russia" or "Russians", used to refer to the entire former Russian Empire or former Soviet Union or its people; Holland for the Netherlands; and, particularly in languages other than English, using the translation of "England" in that language to refer to the "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland".

> “ Designer General of NPO Energia Valentin Glushko”

Looks like a bad-@$$ in a leather jacket and t-shirt

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