People who get a test are those who have covid symptoms or those who have been exposed to known cases. There are a few exceptions around the edges, but that's the basic idea.
The reason people track the "positive test rate" isn't to make deductions about the population directly, it's to provide data on how well testing and tracing is working. In NYC right now, positive tests are coming back at about 1%. That is, almost everyone who they think "might" have covid actually doesn't (they have the flu, or if they're a contact they didn't get infected). That's good, because it means the test and trace control is working and the probability of a person who does not get tested being infected is very low.
In FL, things are out of control. Getting back a 30% positive rate means that you're really only catching the cases that come in the door. It means that there are probably a ton that you aren't catching, because you can't test enough to keep up.