England.
Population in 1800: 7.7 million.
Population in 1900: 30 million.
So not quite 5x, but almost 4x, not that far off.
I'm pretty sure there are many other examples of nations undergoing a huge population boom as they industrialize.
It would have probably still been a massive increase even without the migration of Jews into what is now Israel, as there are ~13m [3] Palestinians world-wide today and most of them live in the middle east (PT, Israel & refugees in neighboring countries). You can see similar albeit less extreme growth in neighboring countries (e.g. Egypt went from ~13m to ~100m in the same period).
Like Oblio I would guess this is common for countries who were unindustrialized in 1920 as they have seen massive reduction in child mortality & massive increase in food supplies due to advances in modern medicine & agriculture in the last 100 years.
EDIT: I tried to phrase this comment with good intentions as neutrally as possible, but seeing as how this is a sensitive topic please let me know if I got something wrong.
[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine#Demographi...
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel
When the First World War started UK had a larger population than France.