Not really, because the European Commission has not issued an adequacy decision in relation to China and Russia as far as I'm aware.

Russia is an interesting case, though.

They are bound by the European Convention on Human Rights (although enforcement is... let's say tricky), and they are also signatories to Convention 108 (the Council of Europe "Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data") and they have signed (but not ratified) the protocol to update the convention (223, combined known as Convention 108+).

This - in theory - puts them at an advantage over countries like the US which lack any real privacy legislation.

However 1) Theory and practice aren't the same; and 2) I think it would be an impossibly hard sell for the Commission to issue an adequacy decision for Russia purely for political reasons, let alone practical ones.