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emersonrsantos·

Open Source: 1953 UNIVAC A-2 system

Computer emulation: 1964 - IBM OS/360 (IBM 1400 emulator)

NoSQL databases: 1966 - MUMPS System (Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System)

Virtual memory: 1972 - IBM OS/VS1

CI/CD: 1999 Extreme Programming (XP) CruiseControl

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Amusingly, I've always assumed that open design predates even the computer itself. Electronics hobbyists published designs in ham radio magazines, and scientific experiments were published in a way that made them reproducible since antiquity.

The first computer with virtual memory was the Manchester University / Ferranti Atlas (1962) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_%28computer%29

And of course, before SQL was invented in the 1970s, every database was NoSQL - here's an example from Cambridge https://www.dns.cam.ac.uk/ipreg/old/jackdaw.html

The invention of the concept of virtual memory (as opposed to it's first implementation) is usually attributed to Fritz Rudolf Güntsch’s doctoral dissertation from 1956, see [1, 2] for brief discussions. (There are other, probably better, references, but they seems to be behind paywalls.) I imagine that as natural a concept as virtual memory was independently invented multiple times. For example Denning's 1970 text [3] does not cite Güntsch’s work.

[1] L. Robertson, Anecdotes. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=1369143

[2] Retrocomputing Stackexchange, Was there a clearly identifiable "first computer" to use or demonstrate the use of virtual memory?. https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/12697/was...

[3] P. J. Denning, Virtual Memory. https://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse451/17wi/readin...

Quite a good list but virtual memory predates os/vs1 by a decade at least.

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