85% of Chinese international students say they don't have one American friend
34st.com
34st.com
So at least with that experience, I'm not sure this is a Western problem. I can't imagine that any white person would try to infiltrate and make friends in either group considering how they were treating each other and being so exclusive to themselves. And the fact that they purposely made sure nobody "outside" the group could understand them.
Not only that, the Asians who didn't hang around in either of these tight-knit groups were labelled something akin to "banana" - white on the inside and yellow on the outside - and taunted for trying hide their Asianness. It all boils down to a solid confirmation that mixing wasn't allowed in any direction.
Friendships are two-way endeavours. I'm not saying everyone self-segregates, and I'm sure that even a lot of people who do actually wish they weren't doing it. But it is so common that I think it is unfair to blame it on Western culture.
I used to board ESL students, and they worked extremely hard at communicating with others without wrapping themselves in a cultural bubble.
Actually, we had lots of fun discussing similarities and differences for words and concepts. I learned from a Korean boarder that English has gerunds. Funny that I've used them all my life and it never occurred to me that there would be a word for it.
Since there are many Chinese students in the US (and Canada, UK, etc.) they often don't really interact much outside their circle of Chinese friends.
Now, of course it's not easy to move to a different country with a different language and culture, but I think that the cultural aspect specific to Chinese plays a significant part. I think Indians are somewhat similar in maintaining a strong community among themselves when abroad.
In general, I would say that the best thing that can happen to you if you go to study abroad is to end up being alone. That really forces you to integrate with the local people, culture, and language, which I think is the whole point of going abroad.
See https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/03/07/chinas-long-arm-reaches....