What Sapir and Whorf were proposing is nowadays called "linguistic determinism" and is pretty much universally repudiated.
However, there is evidence for a less radical version called "linguistic relativity". For an example, see this paper: langcog.stanford.edu/papers/winawer2007.pdf
In fact, many expert Photoshop artists are aware of a trick whereby they can make small changes to the blue channel to get dramatic effects on the composite.
Without clarification, this is a nearly meaningless statement, but under the most plausible interpretations I can think of it is wrong [in particular, we have few "short wavelength" S cones in the fovea, the very central part of the retina, and it is the signal in these S cones which allow us to distinguish yellow from blue; the S cones contribute much less to lightness response than M or L cones].
What human vision is primarily sensitive to is differences between a color and its surroundings, and the relative sensitivity to differences along light/dark, red/green, blue/yellow dimensions depends enough on the size of the object, the prevalence of such differences in the rest of the scene, the state of adaptation of the eye, and so on. At small scale, we are most sensitive to lightness contrast, and two objects of similar lightness will tend to blend together at the edge even if they are of quite different hue.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green
"The sensitivity of the dark-adapted human eye is greatest at about 507 nm, a bluish-green color, while the light-adapted eye is most sensitive about 555 nm, a yellowish-green color"
It's why night-vision systems are geared to green, but displays that preserve dark-adapted vision are red.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red
"Red light is also used to preserve night vision in low-light or night-time situations, as the rod cells in the human eye aren't sensitive to red."
Just curious, based on what?
Wouldn't that be an "unknown unknown"? My mother-tongue, Romanian, has a word called dor, whose exact meaning/translation I could never find in any English-written text. It doesn't describe unicorns in heavens or any such non-existent thing, in fact there is a similar term called saudade in Portuguese (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudade), but the thing is that in order to get its full meaning you need to have it included in a larger text, because words by themselves don't mean anything.