> Isn't Vietnam too small to be a real competitor to China?
No. They're too small to compete with China at everything at the same time. They can compete effectively in various industries. Samsung is utilizing Vietnam for 50% of their smartphone & tablet manufacturing for example. Vietnam is a good option for manufacturing diversification. With continued improvements in automation, it should be possible to further scale manufacturing in smaller nations in the coming decades.
Jan 2015 [1]:
"Samsung Electronics is currently manufacturing 50 percent of its mobile phones in Vietnam and only 8 percent in Korea. At present, Samsung Electronics is running six mobile phone manufacturing facilities in the six countries of Vietnam, China, India, Brazil, Indonesia, and Korea. The two plants in Vietnam have a combined annual production capacity of 240 million units. The two factories in China have a maximum capacity of 150 million phones. However, Samsung is looking to cut their production by approximately 40 million in view of the high labor costs in China."
Nov 2019 [2]:
"Around 50% of Samsung's smartphones and tablets are produced in Vietnam and exported to 128 countries and territories. As of present, 58% of Samsung's global smartphone sales globally come from its production facilities in Vietnam, according to Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc."
[1] http://www.businesskorea.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=8...
[2] http://hanoitimes.vn/58-of-samsung-smartphones-revenue-come-...