First, this analysis was done on Arch Linux, a source-based distribution. Since you know at compile time what your environment is, I would expect the benefits to be smaller. And of course, this means you're willing to do a lot of recompiles. I'd like to see analysis done on more traditional (& common) binary distros.
Second, the arguments seem a little cherry-picked. "Over half of your libraries are used by fewer than 0.1% of your executables." is cute. But modern systems have a lot of executables, so 0.1% > 1, so that still matters, and what about the other half.
Finally, we're already having serious problems getting containers to upgrade when a security vulnerability is found. Requiring recompilation of all transitive users is not likely to win any update speed contests. If it's completely automated then it would work, but any rocks in the process will leave people endlessly vulnerable. See the Android ecosystem, etc.