I was actually expecting a book that explains real street fighting with mathematics (like kinetics of certain moves, optimizing impact on the opponent, etc.). I am a bit disappointed after reading the abstract...
I imagine if you wanted to study fighting in a mathematical way, you would want to study experts. MMA fighters, boxers, Muay Thai fighters all optimize their bodies and technique toward effective fighting. I bet there would be interesting science/math there, but I doubt street fighting would actually yield much insight.
http://chirontraining.blogspot.com/2013/03/cofv8-monkey-danc...
related discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23429390
(to reply directly: leverage is useful, mixed game strategies are useful, beyond that I can't think of other applicable theories. Miller points out that non-posturing violence is usually as unfair as possible, so maybe big-O notation?)