From a purely national interest standpoint, it's hardly surprising the US would be uninterested in negotiations given the fact it's the global digital products leader. While it's certainly true some such rules are worthwhile at the minimum tax level to stop global mega-corps avoiding taxes, like the old Double Irish loophole [1], the negotiations didn't break down over such provision, as the article mentions.

The negotiations broke down because the Europeans have failed to develop as successful a digital economy and run a large digital economic deficit with the United States. They want to levy a tax against an American import to help this trade imbalance, while claiming it doesn't amount to a trade tariff. Given the amount of economic value at stake, of course the Americans are going to view it as an unjust trade tariff and fight against it, while the Europeans will view it as a fair and justified tax for value captured in their domestic market. The global minimum tax has mutual agreement, however, so don't use that to distract or straw-man non-existent disagreement, avoiding the real and essentially intrinsically zero-sum crux of the disagreement here.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Irish_arrangement