Yes: do a SHA1 of your password (no trailing newline), then fetch https://api.pwnedpasswords.com/range/{first 5 hash chars}. If the full hash appears in the results, the password has been seen in a breach.
If you don't want the password to end up in your shell history, this works on in the shell with common tools:
tr -d '\n' | sha1sum
Then type the password you want to look for, hit enter and control-d. You can test with "common" passwords like https://www.reddit.com/r/XFiles/comments/6ge7h4/mulders_home... if you're doing it right.