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It looks like GoatCounter does; it uses a library, https://github.com/zgoat/isbot by the same author to detect bots.

Detecting and deterring spam and sketchy behaviour while using open source software could be an interesting technical problem area.

Matomo has the same, works pretty well. Via plugin they can also track bots to show that separately but they're filtered by default.

I'm not sure if it's actually filtered - I think they're just tracked and classified. At least that's what I'm seeing in my instance.

Of course. Fathom filters bots on the client side and then looks for bot signs on the server. If it looks questionable, it doesn’t process it.