With Musical Cryptography, Composers Can Hide Messages in Their Melodies
atlasobscura.com
atlasobscura.com
https://www.theverge.com/2015/1/7/7483235/the-code-colombian...
(It has been on HN before but not recently I think.)
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ads-00104781/document
or Napier (Rabdologiæ), but at some point I'd read a (seven-/eighteenth century) paper which explicitly called out steganography as an application of binary encodings.