I’d actually start with Tufte:
https://www.edwardtufte.com/tufte/books_vdqiThere are standards like UML, but I’ve never found those to be as useful to start with. It’s best to treat this as a “design problem”: first, answer the question: “what am I communicating”.
Then, maybe look into conventions - but often you’ll find less need for one “master UML diagram” and instead use many, smaller diagrams embedded within reference docs.
I feel like project reactor did a good job here: https://projectreactor.io/docs/core/release/api/reactor/core...
Personally I’d like to see more related to inheritance, but I’ll take what I can get. The tooling can be a pain to embed automatic diagrams in