There is such a process, PEP 541: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0541/
It was adopted in March 2018, and many projects / names have been claimed under this process.
You can see a list of some of the projects claimed or in the process of being claimed here: https://github.com/pypa/pypi-support/issues?q=label%3A%22PEP...