I always use Zoom in a browser to avoid stuff like this. Zoom has repeatedly shown itself to be an untrustworthy app by an untrustworthy vendor.
Basically, the option to join from a browser is only shown once you first signal intent to install the app. This procedure is described in the Zoom docs:
https://support.zoom.us/hc/en-us/articles/214629443-Zoom-web...
The meeting host can also change a setting that allows the Join From Browser link to be displayed without having to go through the procedure above:
https://support.zoom.us/hc/en-us/articles/115005666383-Show-...
However, the ZOOM web client lacks quite a few features, including viewing the video of more than one participant at a time. I believe it's also not possible to share audio. So if you need to do any of these things, you really still have to install the ZOOM client on your computer!