I know I've had my fingerprints scanned at the border a number of times. I'd be surprised if they weren't added to the record somehow.
Some countries (Russia comes to mind) require you to physically go to the visa centre to get fingerprinted as part of the visa application, and then again when you arrive at immigration
Other places where visas are online, on arrival, or not needed at all, tend to fingerprint at the border -- the U.S, Singapore, etc.
We currently don't need to get fingerprinted in the EU, but we decided to remove our freedoms so not sure if that will change next year.
Getting fingerprinted is such a common thing that I can't remember many specific countries requirements.
Only British and Irish passports are not obliged by EU law to contain fingerprint information in their chip. With the exception of passports issued by Denmark, Ireland, and the United Kingdom, all EU citizens applying for a new ordinary passport or passport renewal by 28 August 2006 (for facial images) and 28 June 2009 (for fingerprints) should have been biometrically enrolled. This is a consequence of Regulation (EC) 2252/2004 in combination with two follow-up decisions by the European Commission.
I had my prints taken, but it was for Global Entry IIRC. Agreed that I've never submitted prints for a US passport.
They don't safe your prints anywhere else then your passport or ID, so. Theoretically, you can get a passport with your picture for a different person. Very theoretical, and also very illegal. As long as the picture was within spec for biometric pictures, it was ok to bring your own.
Your point about people who can't leave their homes still stands.
EDIT: As every resident has a primary residency address registered, this also serves as, what in the US would call it, voter registration. No purging, no tempering, not separate registration. You just get the papers by mail to your primary address. Works as well for EU residents for local elections.
But, if you live in Croatia and the police already have your fingerprints from previous passports (along with you having an electronic ID card, which is standard and required), you can get a new passport quickly by applying online in the “e-gradani” or e-citizens service.