According to the linked theory from @evowizz, any photo with an unsupported colorspace would cause this issue. Seems like someone would have noticed before? Maybe in QA or at least during a beta instead of 9 months after launch?
They have literally billions of beta testers, who are even paying for the privilege.
Apparently not, and it's not too surprising either. The only way such a photo would get on is either through the on-device camera, or downloaded from the internet. The former seems most likely, considering that most picture sharing sites probably normalize/sanitize/recompress whatever their users upload. Are there any android phones that produce HDR (ie. 10 bit color, not the effect that's commonly available) pictures?