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No idea for SpaceX, but a lot of commercial avionics run code written in Ada.

Depending on the platforms and customers C and Java are also heavily used next to Ada. The history behind Ada is mostly that the military required components to be made for that language. That requirement shifted around 10 years ago to a preference.

Probably running Node Javascript (or Typescript), transmitted in JSON over a restful API, hosted on a K8s cluster using Docker containers. Also, the JSON payload has a formal schema in the form of JSonSchema V5. /s

On a more serious note. Some of the amazing stuff that the SpaceX team are accomplishing really puts into perspective the day to day work I and others here do.

Bytecode, it seems :) https://mars.nasa.gov/MPF/rovercom/telem.html