If you're looking for a market-based solution to hoarding, there are others besides price gouging. Amazon's approach, at least in areas where they have complete control like their pantry, fresh, and whole foods services, can serve as an example: They want happy customers. Happy customers return and buy more stuff. Customers who can't buy what they need because it's sold out due to hoarding are not happy. Amazon institutes a policy for orders through fresh/pantry/whole foods that limit TP purchases to a single package. More customers get needed supplies, stay happy return to buy more, make Amazon more money in the long term.
Supply/Demand price curves & price elasticity are not the only rational market-based methods of price discovery. More subtle and long-term considerations breed other strategies.