>Why would I use this over something like Python?
That's more a js vs python question than a Deno question so I don't think you'll find many answers here as we'd veer off-topic.
>I find I can do most things I want with the standard library
A standard library exists for Deno as well. Code from any URL is not an argument against having a standard library. The distinction being made is whether or not package management should be brittle and baked into the programming model to accept only one source of truth vs. any. Any source of truth has the advantage of letting better solutions evolve and reveal themselves over time, which is great for longevity, standards, etc. etc.
> Why do I want a "browser for code"?
My understanding is that this a lot to do with reproducing how front-end code behave "in the wild." If you have a full browser, you aren't tricking your programming model into thinking it's being run in a browser. I think this has tooling advantages in the short term (i.e. simplicity) and more subtle ones in the long term.