Or you could just get the "build tools":
https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/#build-tools-fo...
https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/#build-tools-fo...
Edit: To nobodies surprise, the installer still doesn't work. The command line shortcuts it installs fail to properly set up the path. At least it looks like they are trying to print a sensible error message in the command prompt now though. Still not quite sure how they manage to fail this badly though.