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Test prep has a small impact ONLY WHEN ALL OTHER BACKGROUND FACTORS ARE CONTROLLED. Many studies have found that without these controls on things like parental income, school district, etc., test prep has a large impact due to the vastly improved test prep of students who can afford high quality coaching/spend lots of time preparing.

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If they spend lots of time preparing, they deserve it right? Even if you compare a rich kid preparing full time versus a poor kid preparing exhausted for an hour at the end of the day, the rich kid rightly deserves it - logically they'll also have more time for their studies at the college and do better at it.

I'm all for equal opportunity, but not of outcomes.

No, test prep does not have a major impact. This meta study estimates ~10 points. The SAT is essentially a disguised IQ test, it's hard to change that. https://www.hepgjournals.org/doi/abs/10.17763/haer.53.1.n06j...

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