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I believe this research only shows that their immune system has some sort of defense against covid, but not that they'll be immune.

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The response was primarily by Th cells, not the TC cells, so yes, this isn't immunity, but it would speed to body's adaptive immune system response.

OTOH, the killer feature of Covid-19 seems to be triggering an out-of-control adaptive immune response. That's probably why kids aren't dying, as their adaptive immune response is still developing.

Does this explain asymptomatic cases? Maybe people don't develop symptoms because they have cold-related antibodies that don't let COVID develop. Can these people still shed and transmit SARS-CoV-2?

It sadly appears that many people who recover from covid have temporary or permanent (not known yet) lung damage anyway.

So those asymptomatic might simply be people whose natural lung operation is strong enough that they can compensate for the covid damage.

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