Have you tried i3 on Linux? It’s probably not exactly what you’re thinking of, but you can use it very similarly.
There's no elegant way of telling Firefox to never use tabs, always open a new window. There are some extensions pretending to this, but the experience is terrible. There actually is a new tab created which is then detached.
I don't usually use Chrome, so I looked up wether it handled this, but it seems to rely on extensions too.
Qutebrowser works, but it has other limitations, such as poor extension support.
I've settled on NoTabs Firefox with a userChrome.css that hides the tab bar until Firefox someday supports native no tabs.