There's also a huge "tradition" component to US public schools. Parents for generations have had cows when something changed. Look at the reaction to doing some small bits of set theory in the "New Math" of the 60s/early 70s, or the freakouts about not teaching phonics in the 80s, and the Core Curriculum conspiracy theories of 10-15 years ago.
Making computers and software like Mathematica, MACSYMA, etc, and pocket calculators and later smart phones turned the whole thing upside down. Memorizing how to do arithmetic is actually detrimental to understanding, it turns out, and knowledge of symbolic logic and algorithms is more important than being able to add decimals and multiply fractions.
To summarize: US math education was entirely practical, the curriculum dictated by either farming or industrial interests. Pocket calculators, computers and smart phones have made that "practical emphasis" look especially medieval because what used to be higher math, is now what is basic. This is abetted by US citizens preferring tradition in curriculum over all else.
Actually I did learn something of statistics in physics class - our teacher said "Right!" and "Right-o!" incredibly often, and I & some friends made tables and drew graphs of just how often, and various units and ways to measure when a new record had been achieved.
But most people have a dislike for maths, maybe because it's been mostly answering other peoples' exercise questions. Seems dry and uninteresting, pointless. I'd been programming since I was about 11, so had uses for it all, could test out the new ideas in graphics programs, and had questions of my own to answer. It was something I was always playing around with. (So were music, art, history, science, but that didn't make me like the way they were taught!)
That's a very interesting point you made!
Unfortunately now, I find my math ability to be extremely weak, which becomes a problem as I take interest in things that require much higher level math than I'm used to.
https://data.oecd.org/pisa/mathematics-performance-pisa.htm shows it as below the OECD average.
The top end institutions in the USA are very, very good, but, for a rich country, its bottom end ones aren’t particularly good.