Unless you're using user namespaces (which this doesn't) then root inside a container is equal to root outside the container. You don't even need access to /dev, because the container process could just mknod(2) any device and access it with full permissions.

This is only possible in this example because the container has the full capability set (including CAP_MKNOD) and the devices cgroup hasn't been configured to restrict device access. Real container runtimes always restrict device creation by default, and usually don't allow CAP_MKNOD by default.