>I worked as a risk manager in a commodity trading firm and only hedgers qualified to take delivery were permitted to hold contracts going to delivery.
Ehh.. what? I've been part of a CTA for many many years, we have trading programs.. our clients trade in our programs.. the entire industry never takes delivery yet trades all these contracts which have delivery (metals, ags, energies). Very confused what you are talking about.. everyone rolls out of these before first notice dates.. brokers are on your back a week before the FND are coming up.
"Delivery shall be made free-on-board ("F.O.B.") at any pipeline or storage facility in Cushing, Oklahoma with pipeline access to Enterprise, Cushing storage or Enbridge, Cushing storage."
Source: https://www.cmegroup.com/trading/energy/crude-oil/light-swee...
"The West Texas Intermediate Light Sweet Crude Oil futures contract is cash settled against the prevailing market price for US light sweet crude."
These are: QM NYMEX, and WTI ICE. Both cash-settled.
QM - https://www.cmegroup.com/trading/energy/crude-oil/emini-crud...