Most of the jargon denotes straightforward definitions. Pick the top-most frequent three terms, e.g. monad, monoid, applicative, write down the definition + a small example on a card, lather rinse repeat a few times and you're golden.

Edit. For example, let's take 'catamorphism'. Read the Wikipedia entry [0] and it's a seemingly never ending jungle of more and more abstract terms. Homomorphism, initial algebra, F-algebra, endomporphism. This easy, let's see what an F-algebra is [1] and we'll be on our way soon. "If C is a category, and F: C → C is an endofunctor of C, then an F-algebra is a tuple (A, α), where A is an object of C and α is a C-morphism F(A) → A.". Oh my God, this is hopeless.

Or, find a good description, with examples [2]. A 'catamorphism' card, abbreviated from [2]:

Catamorphism

A function that “collapses” a recursive type into a new value based on its structure. Visitor pattern.

Define a sum type Gift:

    type Book = {title: string; price: decimal}
    
    type Gift =
        | Book of Book
        | Boxed of Gift

Define a 'description' function over Gift:

    let rec description gift =
        match gift with 
        | Book book -> 
            sprintf "'%s'" book.title 
        | Boxed innerGift -> 
            sprintf "%s in a box" (description innerGift) 
    

Parametrize the function, creating a 'catamorphism':

    let rec cataGift fBook fBox gift =
        match gift with 
        | Book book -> 
            fBook book
        | Boxed innerGift -> 
            let innerGiftResult = cataGift fBook fBox innerGift
            fBox innerGiftResult

Refactor your 'description' function to use a 'catamorphism':

    let descriptionUsingCata gift =
        let fBook (book:Book) = 
            sprintf "'%s'" book.title 
        let fBox innerText = 
            sprintf "%s in a box" innerText
        // call the catamorphism
        cataGift fBook fBox gift

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catamorphism

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-algebra

[2] https://fsharpforfunandprofit.com/posts/recursive-types-and-...