a)Ad hoc scripts
The most straightforward approach to automating anything is to write an ad hoc script. You take whatever task you were doing manually, break it down into discrete steps, use your favorite scripting language (e.g., Bash, Ruby, Python) to define each of those steps in code, and execute that script on your server
b) Configuration management tools Chef, Puppet, Ansible, and SaltStack are all configuration management tools, which means that they are designed to install and manage software on existing servers.
c)Server templating tools An alternative to configuration management that has been growing in popularity recently are server templating tools such as Docker, Packer, and Vagrant. Instead of launching a bunch of servers and configuring them by running the same code on each one, the idea behind server templating tools is to create an image of a server that captures a fully self-contained “snapshot” of the operating system (OS), the software, the files, and all other relevant details.
d)Orchestration tools Server templating tools are great for creating VMs and containers, but how do you actually manage them? Handling these tasks is the realm of orchestration tools such as Kubernetes, Marathon/Mesos, Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS), Docker Swarm, and Nomad
e)Provisioning tools Whereas configuration management, server templating, and orchestration tools define the code that runs on each server, provisioning tools such as Terraform, CloudFormation, and OpenStack Heat are responsible for creating the servers themselves. In fact, you can use provisioning tools to not only create servers, but also databases, caches, load balancers, queues, monitoring, subnet configurations, firewall settings, routing rules, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) certificates, and almost every other aspect of your infrastructure