New Coke, 35 years on
independent.co.uk
independent.co.uk
My cousin-in-law only drinks "Mexican Coke" (but Mexicans drinking coca-cola in their country get HFCS-Coke too. Wikipedia says only mexican coca-kola produced for export is made with sugar).
Fortunately HFCS is no longer contaminated with mercury [0] [1] (or less contaminated?), thanks to the efforts of a whistleblower [2].
The last problem to deal with is how HFCS preparations might have more calories than listed on the label, on account of residual starch molecules that aren't split into glucose. Residual starch adds calories but don't affect the perceived sweetness.
I previously wrote about how the original soda products were herbal beverages: Coca-Cola is made with flavorings from the Coca leaf and the Kola nut, Root beer is made with roots, Dr. Pepper's 21 plant flavors, etc: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17979670
[0] Mercury in High-Fructose Corn Syrup? - https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/news/20090127/mercury-in-... (2009)
[1] https://www.iatp.org/documents/much-high-fructose-corn-syrup... (2009)
[2] FDA WHISTLEBLOWER SPEAKS OUT ABOUT MERCURY IN OUR FOOD - https://www.foodwhistleblower.org/fda-whistleblower-speaks-o...
[edit: added some words to first paragraph re sugar and Coca-Cola company's taste tests pre-new-coke.]
Wikipedia is wrong. When I'm in Guadalajara and buy bottles of coke locally, it has sugar. It's an anecdote, but it does disprove Wikipedia. One specific independent bottler in Mexico wanted to use HFCS, but there are other bottlers other than Arca Continental. Coca-Cola FEMSA is the largest bottler in Mexico and they use sugar.
Japan has a high usage of HFCS (40% of sugars), and I always assumed that was due to trade agreements with the US giving access to cheap corn since there is so little domestic corn production.
While I think Lustig is genuine, he was not aware in 2009 that Fructose is also manufactured/metabolized by the brain [0] [1].
I think the stealth calories in HFCS (as starch), above and beyond the label, is an additional as-yet unappreciated factor in presentations of insulin resistance and obesity.
The HFCS problem is multi-faceted.
[0] The human brain makes fructose, researchers discover – here’s why that might be a big deal (2017) - https://theconversation.com/the-human-brain-makes-fructose-r...
[1] Specific regions of the brain are capable of fructose metabolism (2017) - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28034722 - "Furthermore, rates of fructose oxidation in these brain regions are 15-150 times that of liver slices, confirming the bioinformatics prediction and in situ hybridization data. This suggests that previously unappreciated regions across the brain can use fructose, in addition to glucose, for energy production."
[2] Is mercury exposure causing diabetes, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance? A systematic review of the literature (2017) - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28482296
This hard data was seen as indicating a looming crisis and management felt the need to act and act quickly. What the data failed to show, however, was how brand aware consumers perceived the two drinks. Even though blind taste tests showed overwhelming preference for Pepsi, if you left the labels on the cans consumers overwhelmingly preferred Coke.
Coke management listened to the researchers but all parties concerned failed to understand what the research was and wasn't testing, and what conclusions one could and couldn't draw from it.
I don't believe anything resembling this kind of thinking process goes through a typical customer's head, even subconsciously. It doesn't pass the smell test as a rationalization, and sounds to me like something people in advertising industry write to each other in reports to justify their high salaries.
I propose a simpler hypothesis: customers have already self-selected themselves into preferring Coke or Pepsi. New Coke didn't introduce any new value - people who would like it were already drinking Pepsi. At the same time, its existence was received as a threat by Coke customers, as a New Coke seems like something that's going to replace the good ol' Coke. People don't like change; in particular, they don't like when a product that works for them is changed, because that change is almost universally for the worse[0].
The difference between the above and what you described is that my hypothesis doesn't require from a customer to have anything other than a "Coke = cola drink that hits the 'sweet spot' for me" relationship. I don't see the reason to believe consumer brand perception to be anything more than that. Especially not consciously thinking about how a brand reminds one of the past, or something.
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[0] - Short-term. Sometimes it's worth to e.g. mix up user interfaces in software to enable further improvement. But with soft drinks, there's nothing other than short term.
My point is that I doubt that the typical relationship with a brand is as sophisticated as 'yodon described. If it was, we'd all be falling victim to advertising bullshit much more often. So e.g. when Coca Cola airs another commercial with a grandfather pulling up coke during family supper, I believe almost everyone watching either smiles or rolls their eyes. I don't think their minds race to the memories of their family dinners, or old times, or whatever. That would be a dangerously strong emotional reaction to an ad.
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https://www.coca-colacompany.com/faqs/did-coca-cola-invent-s...
Just clarifying that it isn't whether branding works but the shape of the working. Like, I admit being easily influenced by them, just not in that direction. Like Red Bull is cool action sports, right? But I've never had a Red Bull when I've gone skiing. Not saying branding doesn't directly modify my associations, just that the way isn't what yodon said.
I suspect the branding is perceived the same way. People pick up on all of these things, and the experts have a language to describe their branding strategy, and they're very deliberate about what they do and do not include in their ads. People don't express it or notice it consciously, but they can still tell when the marketing feels "wrong" compared to the ads they've seen before.
I decided to prove I could tell the difference to my wife, so we set up a blindfolded test, and I did absolutely no better than random.
However, we did another test where I was given a sip of coke beforehand as a baseline, and then got 100% accuracy.
But without the known-flavor baseline, I was essentially unable to accurately label the samples.
I enjoy precisely that aspect of canned Coke, but I avoid it from bottles or fountains. Dr. Pepper for those situations.
When I was a kid, the absolute best was those 16oz. glass bottles with the polystyrene labels[0]. Somehow that Pepsi was colder than ice and more refreshing than any other version.
[0] old.reddit.com/r/nostalgia/comments/42ky57/
In any case, I abandoned my Coca-Cola habit about 10 years ago to improve my health. It took about a year to get over the craving for it. I don't miss it anymore.
But you're right, Coke is amazing because it compliments food so damn well. There's a reason 90% or so of American restaurants use Coke, and it's not just because Pepsi owns Yum! brands, as this was the case since long before that happened.
Edit: now that I think about it, I wouldn't be surprised if Coke contains a chemical similar to MSG that acts as a flavor enhancer for savory foods.
New Coke is almost a poster child of how blind taste tests sometimes can be very blind in ignoring what should be important context information in people's preferences, exactly like "how much am I drinking of this?" and "what am I pairing it with?".
I remember those taste test booths Pepsi would set up in shopping malls and such. Here's how they went for me:
1. They'd hand me two unmarked cups, one with Pepsi and one with Coke.
2. I'd take a sip from each, they'd ask me which I preferred.
3. I always knew which was the Coke, and would point to it.
4. They'd look away and say "Next!"
I've always preferred Coke. I prefer less sugared drinks because the sugar tends to overwhelm the flavor of the drink. Unfortunately, it is nearly impossible to find lightly sugared drinks today, they all taste like syrup. I drink coffee black, and just buy plain soda water and add a bit of OJ to it.
These days I water down my cola with sodastream carbonated water because it's too sweet...
Pepsi was also running television commercials ("The Pepsi Challenge") showing consumers doing exactly this.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghMYzo0rgrw
It was a popular campaign that certainly put pressure on Coca-Cola to act.
Pepsi is sweeter and people liked it better in a little sample sip, but to sit down and drink a whole glass was too much.
New Coke was made to taste more like Pepsi.
A lot of people preferred the taste of Diet Coke to standard Coke and Diet Coke was the fastest growing product at the time. And Diet Coke was apparently cannibalizing a lot of the Coke drinkers. So they made the normal Coke taste more like the Diet one.
Which failed biblically.
I just wish I could get my old saccharine-based Diet Coke back.
But the context was wrong, a small sip in the supermarket under surveillance is not a bottle at home / cinema / picknik.
But: "almost ruined" is wrong, too. After this CocaCola basically got the status as USA national heritage.
So maybe it was the most successful marketing ploy in modern history. (CocaCola denies this).
Source: Some marketing books from the 90s and 00s.
I heard that's why Pepsi Cola (sweeter than Coke) wins in those blind taste tests... but everyone still drinks Coca-Cola instead.
It's not the taste but the feeling afterwards.
I find American coke to be an entirely different beverage, which is almost undrinkable.
Mexican Coke you buy in the US is sweetened with cane sugar, but Mexican Coke you buy in Mexico is often sweetened with high fructose corn syrup.
The US uses corn syrup because the US government heavily subsidizes corn. Some Mexican producers in Mexico do use corn syrup, which is a cheap import from the US, but even here the majority use sugar.
This kind of thing happens in with other countries as well. In New Zealand you can get local coke which is sugar-sweetened or imported American coke with corn syrup. People didn't switch to corn syrup because it's better or even cheaper in and of itself, they switched because the US government goes to ridiculous lengths to make it cheap.
FWIW.
Anyway it'd cost trillions to retool for some other staple crop now.
" On 11 July 1985, once the extent of the soda brand’s mistake had become evident, Coca-Cola relaunched the original recipe, rebranded as Coca-Cola Classic.
According to the beverage corporation, the news of the drink’s long-awaited return “made the front page of virtually every major newspaper”. "
Talk about free advertising!!
From a biased source: https://www.coca-colacompany.com/news/the-story-of-one-of-th...
"The events of 1985 changed forever the dynamics of the soft-drink industry and the success of The Coca-Cola Company, as the Coca-Cola brand soared to new heights and consumers continued to remember the love they have for Coca-Cola. "
Either my qualia are objectively different from everyone else's, or it's 90% marketing fluff and psychological tribalism.
It's not so much that there can't be a difference between the various cokes, Pepsis, and other brands--I just find it hard to believe that the difference is so great that people can find one repulsive and the other divine.
It's all just sweet, fizzy drink. Side by side I might be able to tell coke and new coke apart. I don't find it difficult to believe that people have a preference. I find it difficult to believe that one could be so swayed by the difference to revolt.
So I cannot shake that it's more tribal identity than taste... Sort of like rock vs hip-hop.
Yea, I know telling people it's mostly mental is going to be controversial, so sorry.
I drink Coca-Cola as my preferred choice. I can't stand Pepsi (and will order a new drink in a restaurant if Pepsi shows up when I ordered Coca-Cola; I can tell, even if it's not labeled). There's a specific sweetness to each, to my tastebuds. I also enjoy RC Cola, but it's also a different flavour from either of the two most well-known brands.
I get pretty specific in my tastes, especially surrounding extra flavourings. I dislike vanilla flavouring added to my colas, though I will still drink it paired with another flavour such as orange or cherry.
I will choose Cherry Coke (classic) over just Coke any day, but will choose just Coke over Cherry-Vanilla Coke. I'm willing to drink Wild Cherry Pepsi (actually quite good), even though regular Pepsi is not a flavour I enjoy.
There's an interesting version of Pepsi called Pepsi Throwback (at least, that's what it's called around here) which I also enjoy greatly. It uses a different sweetener than regular Pepsi.
I can't stand either Diet Coke or Coke Zero (or any Diet soft drinks, really); neither taste right, to me.
Now, I still think New Coke vs Coke was overblown. I don't fault the Coca-Cola company for trying to shake things up a bit, and perhaps the new formula could have appealed better, given time and a better launch. We'll never know, though ...
Yes. I mean, not everyone else's, but certainly many.
> What I find incredible is just how similar everything tastes.
Vaguely similar, maybe. Incredibly similar? That's either you ignoring or being biologically unequipped to tell the differences.
> I just find it hard to believe that the difference is so great that people can find one repulsive and the other divine.
They taste different. In some cases radically different. Cokes and Pepsis are reminiscent of each other, but the difference between them on, say, a multidimensional tartness-sweetness-bitterness spectrum is as great as the similarity between them on the cola-hotdog spectrum. It's not difficult at all for me to recognize why people might like the taste of one and not the other.
If they were actually the same, the blind "Pepsi Challenge" wouldn't have worked as well as it did.
Next you'll say that you think Heinz ketchup tastes like Hunts ketchup, something which is just logically untrue, as if the ingredients and their proportions don't matter. Are they both ketchup? Yes. Do they taste the same? No. They don't mix the same ingredients in the same proportions. When two things are different, is it reasonable to form preferences even if those preferences are sometimes circumstantial (A better on X, B better on Y)? Yes.
Is he also responsible in later years for New Coke?
[1]: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=GxtZpFl3pPM&feature=youtu.be
I asked about New Coke and the guide gave me a sour look. I guess the question gets asked really frequently.
I find Coca Cola "Classic" undrinkable. Too tart, for my taste.
As far as colas go, Diet Pepsi has a decent flavor profile; it's sweet but not cloying or syrupy. And it has enough of whatever acids or other flavorings to mask / distract from the aftertaste of artificial sweeteners.
That's the one thing that hurts Diet Coke, I think, particularly if it isn't cold.
Reminded me of Pepsi a lot, like a Pepsi made by Coke. Much lighter and sweeter tasting. Honestly probably would have done well if they hadn't used Coke branding on it.
Personally I like cane sugar Coke, or stevia Coke over it. Fun fact Coke is the one beverage I know of that you can buy with five different sweeteners: - Cane sugar - High Fructose Corn Syrup - aspartame - aspartame and acesulfame potassium (Coke Zero) - stevia
Ah the good old "I want freedom of choice, but if you exercise yours then that's un-American". And we think that entitlement is a 21st century invention.
> The earliest cluster of uses of entitlement meaning "(rightful) claim" that I've found is associated with post-WWII veterans' benefits, as in this 1947 Popular Mechanics ad
> In the 1960s, psychoanalysts also start using entitled and entitlement with strongly negative connotations, resulting in the emergent term of art "narcissistic entitlement".
> Meanwhile, by the 1970s, the phrase entitlement programs is being used in its modern sense (defined benefits paid by the federal government) in discussions of the federal budget — and the connotations are by no means positive.
Right, but that's not the modern sense for the 1.2 billion English speakers who are not in the US