Yes, there was a malicious compiler system for Apple iOS that was released in China a few years back and subverted a large number of mobile applications, including apps used in the US and Europe. There was also a subverted Delphi compiler a number of years back, though I don't think the subversion was dangerous it was more like a test case. And of course, Ken Thompson demonstrated the attack in the 1980s. There may be others, but I remember those offhand.

i read a story about a compiler adding malware to the compiled binary once.

they kept getting owned until they supposedly found a pretty dump hack which just appended the backdoor to the final compilation on the build server...

no clue if it was just a story though, as i personally havent experienced anything like that before.