Consciousness studies will be the next frontier and may bring our race further, faster, than space exploration. In my opinion.
Consciousness as a useful frontier, in my opinion, will only have utility as it intersects with neuroscience and artificial intelligence. Producing consciousness with AI will be game-changing. Altering or affecting consciousness with neuroscience, or allowing consciousness to interact with neuroscience in such a way that interfaces with other technologies will be game-changing, sure.
But giving people psychedelics and having them explore their own consciousnesses is not going to catalyze our society forward by leaps and bounds, that has been done since at least the 60s. I obviously don't care if people do whatever they'd like, I just don't see the point in romanticizing them.
It seems possible to me that psychedelics may be a form of "microscope for the mind" that makes clear details and inner workings that we were not able to see otherwise. It won't revolutionize our understanding over night since we would still need to build a science around it just as we did with the microscope when we discovered a world we had only inklings of before.
Psychedelics have so far proven to be capable of temporarily rewiring our already highly flawed, subjective consciousness computers, in ways that can be potentially useful, but mostly seem to produce epiphanies that are rooted entirely in subjectivity, entirely fabricated. I don't really care at all if you had an experience that told you that all life existed on a 4 dimensional tetrahedron rotating through time. I do care, though, if you saw some behavior in a bacteria through a microscope which other people can observe and similarly draw their own judgements from.
That doesn't mean that I don't think that already intelligent people can't benefit from an occasional new perspective, potentially brought about by psychedelics in the same way that it could be brought on by a move to a new country, or a walk outside, but that doesn't mean that I think that psychedelics are the gateway to an entire frontier on consciousness.
It was about the fact that we have outright banned all avenues of research into these alterations in consciousness so we can't even find out if there are reproducible effects across individuals. If you did care about scientific inquiry and reproducibility then you would also be against these absurd restrictions.
Because of this self-imposed ignorance we're just now beginning to see that psychedelics and other psychoactives can be used to treat a variety of psychological afflictions. I don't think you grasp how important it is to have access to compounds that can produce fundamental alterations to our conscious perception that take effect immediately, have few to no side effects and are completely reversible. Only TDCS and TMS have come anywhere close to that and their effects are nowhere near as powerful or significant.
This isn't about taking a break from reality, doing some yoga, and instagramming your latest shower thought. It's being able to pry open the black box of your own consciousness and poking around inside to see what happens without the necessity of brain surgery and risk of permanent physical or mental disability.
By the way "subjective consciousness computers" sounds about as accurate as "4 dimensional tetrahedron rotating through time". Both are little better than word salad with only tenuous connection to the things they're attempting to describe.
You also seem to think that I believe it's a good thing that psychedelics are illegal, when I have explicitly said otherwise. I think people should be able to do with their body as they wish, and research into the effects could produce some utility. But what you're talking about here, having psychedelics help "treat a variety of psychological afflictions," isn't what I would consider to be pushing frontiers forwards further and faster than space exploration, although that's ultimately a matter of preference.
This makes sense if you imaging 3 scenarios:
1) A person with no short term memory e.g. someone with acute dementia
2) No long term memory e.g. amnesia
3) No processing e.g. sensory deprivation
The third scenario is not perfect but depends entirely on how you define processing. Here I've defined it as operating on sensory input. If you want to define it as "thinking" then you will need to define what thinking is.
As for biological vs. artificial neural networks, yes it appears that a neural network is required for consciousness to exist given our single example of human consciousness. We don't know how this works so we can't even say for sure if the way we've implemented artificial neural networks would be capable of producing a form a consciousness. They can process and categorize data in ways that seem similar to what our brains do with sense perception but so far we haven't come anywhere close to simulating what we would call a conscious agent. Artificial NNs don't tie computers to the brain in a meaningful way because we are only using computers to simulate NNs. It would be better to just talk about the properties of NNs and leave computers out of it.
I apologize if I've made it seem like I'm accusing you of advocating for the illegality of psychedelics. I meant to criticize your opinion that they have little to no benefit since you were arguing that we could derive the same effects from going for a walk or moving to a different country.
"pushing frontiers forwards further and faster than space exploration" this wasn't from me and is not something I necessarily agree with
We are all connected. Love thy neighbor. Consciousness is an illusion. Yadda yadda. Boooring.
We hear them so much that we become numb and don't give them a second thought. Yeah, we are all connected. So what? I have more important things to do. And we do, of course. The rent is due, COVID-19, wars, and so on.
Then, at some point in people's lives, we stop and ask: why? What's the point in all of this? We get so lost in the day to day that it's hard to see the forest from the trees.
Psychedelics give you a different perspective. It's like going for a ride in your inner self. You might come out now just knowing these clichés, but feeling them. This difference is immense [1].
The same can be done via spirituality and meditation, but there are very few (if any) ways to experience these things as intensely and as quickly as with psychedelics. The challenge is applying these insights in your life, otherwise it's just a fun trip.
[1] https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/29/world/americas/a-hallucin...
So by neuroscience and artificial intelligence I'm guessing we can assume you're just referring to western science.
How about the Buddhists? Or the shamans in tribal societies around the world? Was there no utility in their understanding and manipulation of consciousness (which was often achieved through the use of psychedelics)? In many ways the shamans and other spiritual practitioners are far ahead of western science in terms of understanding consciousness. However, that is rarely acknowledged in western society, especially among technical folks such as ourselves. Western science is not the only valid way to understand reality.
Have you ever stopped to really ponder the literal awesome nature of dreaming? A relatively simple function we all practice, even our dogs.
When you're in a lucid dream, you have the ability to construct your reality with nothing more than intention. It's a higher fidelity experience for every sense than any virtual reality gear known to Silicon Valley could provide. The nature of lucid dreaming combined with a deeply introspective nature have certainly led me to believe there is a deep well of discovery when it comes to studying consciousness. Is it an emergent phenomenon? Is it something else entirely? Are we all just deterministic robotic meat-sacks? Are we truly just in a simulation?
> Western science is not the only valid way to understand reality.
"Dreams represent just one type of illusion. The whole universe arises and dissolves like a mirage. Everything about us, even the most enlightened qualities, are also dreamlike phenomena. There's nothing that is not encompassed within the dream of illusory being; so in going to sleep, you're just passing from one dream state to another."
What is game changing is the experience - not reading or hearing about it.
> useful frontier
I think it's useful if one is to gain deeper self-awareness and emotional discipline by exploring one's perception.
Remove mental obfuscations and negative emotions, let go of all perceived realities of samsara and you may approach self-enlightenment.