ZDnet title seems a bit off, as first factor in their decision tree is age, not obesity. Also, this doesn't appear to attempt to unwind causation vs correlation. As I read it, it's just, if you could only ask a few questions to make your decision, what should you ask first? Useful for admitting, but probably less so for understanding what's actually going on.
Looking at the numbers in the paper, high blood pressure, for example, seems like a powerful predictor of problems. Presumably that's captured by the obesity question, even though those two conditions are only partially correlated.
Also interesting is that they don't see race as a factor. Other reports seem to indicate that African Americans are doing significantly worse.