X11 works remote, but to my knowledge only to start new applications.

Connect to an existing session and just "continue where you were" is not easy though there might be unmaintained solutions.

If you use ssh forwarding and for some reason gets disconnected, the application dies.

I'd love for you to tell me I'm wrong :-)

The way rdp works on windows is the only thing where I think windows is superior.

Vnc, TeamViewer and similar are not remotely close and they will leave your remote screen open for anyone to see.