What do you mean by “high capital requirements in place” for hedging a portfolio? Do you know what options are? They can be used for hedging, and the bid/ask is the same for an institution or an individual.
You or I could’ve followed the 50 cent VIX call trader and made several thousand percent, all for 50 bucks a contract.
Hedges cost a percentage of a portfolio, it doesn’t matter whether it’s 100,000 or 1,000,000,000 dollars, if the overall composition is the same, the hedge will cost the same percentage of the portfolio.
You and I can trade mark-to-market assets too, CME micro futures have pretty cheap margin requirements.
It sounds like you have a lot of theoretical knowledge, but don’t actually have a practical knowledge of trading/investing. All of the stuff you complain about not existing actually exists.
Sure, you and I aren’t going to be able to put on a hedge like Ackman did, but only because the notional value of the derivatives used is so high. Use the tools available to the average investor, there are plenty.