There are 3 main reasons:
1) At least to me, "[Topic](Topic.md)" is the most typical case, where the name of the link is the same as the file name without the ".md", so I feel like not repeating the title twice is better.
Markdown supports "[](Topic.md)" but IMO the syntax doesn't look as nice.
2) Easier to distinguish between internal links and external links.
3) Personally, I think "[[note]]" blends into the sentence better.
[[wiki style links]] are not as portable as standard Markdown links, I have to admit that. We will support "[A File](a-file.md)" as well for maximum portability, and possibility provide conversion utilities if you decide to move away from the wiki style link syntax.