Every consumer GPS receiver I have seen and even some aerospace-grade receivers that I have (limited) experience with report data over a serial connection as “NMEA sentences”. You can read about them here: https://www.gpsinformation.org/dale/nmea.htm#nmea if it’s a USB GPS receiver, it’s likely internally a USB->serial chip with a GPS receiver communicating over serial. The data that I have seen is always been high-level focused on navigation such as speed in MPH and heading in degrees and of course, long and lag. Not to say that you can’t find a device that reports phase and Doppler shift, this is just how everything I have seen worked. When GPS receivers started getting cheap when I was a kid, I was very excited to experiment with them using Arduinos, etc so hope this helps!