I don't think there is an analogy in computer science; that deals with data, and this deals with emotion.
This is driven, as far as I understand it, by evolutionary psychology. It was an advantage to be "right enough, and unified" as opposed to "completely right, but divided", and an advantage to take care of "us" before taking care of "them." As a result, we are hard-wired toward tribalism.
Smart people are able to set this aside and deal with the facts as they are, but we still have to overcome the initial, emotional surge that takes offense whenever something we hold true is challenged.
One of the big issues is that people don't see immediate fallout from this sort of behavior on the national level. They vote for people who cut taxes for the rich and gut worker protections, but never connect that to their own financial ruin. The effect follows too far after, and too far from, the cause.
Politics, as a result, is treated like football: root for your team, because the other team sucks.
We might see some of that change as the bodies start piling up from COVID-19, but I doubt that there will be a larger societal change.