2. De-Nazification, and coming to grips with what had happened in Germany during those years, was a greater challenge - which Germany overall failed. In West Germany most of the regime simply persisted (the Nazi party was disbanded, but most of the rest of it just stayed in place; and the ownership of capital remained mostly untouched); in the East, there were numerous executions and significant social changes, but a lot of this was Russian influence and it was more heavy-handed than a deep social process AFAIK.
3. Forty years of cold war were also a great challenge, probably more so than the covid-19 pandemic.