Firm wielding Theranos patents asks judge to block coronavirus test
arstechnica.com
arstechnica.com
Patent #8,283,155 "Specifically, the present invention provides portable medical devices that allow real-time detection of analytes from a biological fluid."
and is described as by the article
"This patent describes a generic architecture for a machine that automates testing for the presence of substances in bodily fluids. In the system described by the patent, an operator inserts a "test device" (which contains both the bodily fluid to be tested and the reactants required to perform the test) into a "reader device." The reader device then triggers the necessary chemical reactions to perform the test and reports the results. Theranos' patent isn't limited to any specific bodily fluid, reactants, or testing protocol."
However, there is a distinction between the PTO and courts during infringement cases. While the PTO grants the "broadest reasonable interpretation", courts may have a more limited interpretation.
"Patented claims are not given the broadest reasonable interpretation during court proceedings involving infringement and validity"
The claims are actually pretty general as well =/
Or do they very specifically describe Theranos' non-functioning tech?
It doesn't seem like they can be both.
Here is part of the claims section, starting around "pgs 47/48", and all of it looks like this.
"A two-way communication system for detecting an ana lyte in a bodily fluid from a subject, comprising:
a) a reader assembly comprising a programmable proces Sor that is operably linked to a communication assem bly:
b) an external device configured to transmit a protocol to the communication assembly; detection assembly for detecting said signal which is transmitted via said communication assembly to said external device.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the reader assembly further comprises a controller having computer-executable commands for performing the reaction at a designated point of-care location.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein the external device fur ther comprises a means for receiving and aggregating a plu 45
c) a test device configured to be inserted into the reader assembly, said test device comprising:
i) a sample collection unit configured for collecting a sample of bodily fluid Suspected to contain an analyte;
ii) an assay assembly containing reactants that react with said sample of bodily fluid based on the protocol transmitted from said external device to yield a detect able signal indicative of the presence and/or concen tration of said analyte; and iii) an identifier that is configured to provide the identity of said test device and is also configured to trigger the transmission of said protocol that is selected"
So yeah, super generic.
One of the most egregious things about patents, is that if you _wanted_ to go implement something that was patented, the patent itself is a useless resource. So much for providing temporary monopoly in exchange for advancing the state of the art. Most patents do not disclose anything useful.
Am I missing something here?
Edit: Yep, I am. Apparently there is no requirement for you to actually have to make the thing you're patenting.
This is ludicrous.
TLDR: Then, Anything such as [Blackbox + inserted thing + reaction + report] would infringe on this patent?
Is what I mention actually true/probable? I would hope not, but just curious
And I realize the article was updated to give a "royalty free license", which is complete and total bullshit because BioFire shouldn't need a license for Theranos' bullshit patents that never worked anyway.
We need to start naming and shaming for this kind of trolling, anti-social behavior. And not just the company name, I'm talking about the principals and lawyers who filed this, who are nothing but a net-negative to society.
This idea that unethical things are just a consequence of circumstance and survival is flawed. We shouldn’t excuse those aggressively working to increase the surveillance state or corporate profits just because that’s their job —- we can be better than that.
They are not smart. Just stop telling yourself this about those people and stop respecting them. Stop it.
They're unbelievably ignorant and likely hide that ignorance under the guise of expertise in an unrelated field literally filling your life and others with bullshit. Stop calling fuckos like the ones at Labrador "smart." Stop calling anyone who thinks they're smart "smart."
Call them "fuckos," because that's what they are...
They can be smart, they can also lack empathy and be smart. Both can be true at the same time. Intelligence isn't an indicator of empathy.
They are not wise.
Unfortunately there are too many assholes out there.
They are intelligent, with the ethics of a rock, and this is the outcome when these two are combined.
lol is this the "any alien civilization far in advance of us will be peaceful" assumption? there are hordes of very very smart people (by any metric - iq, success, wealth) that either lack empathy or are straight up antipathetic. how about we stop valorizing smart people and start valorizing empathetic people instead?
Any system based on brutal winner-takes-all competition and monopolistic domination is unable to deal intelligently or rationally with a significant external challenge.
Gameify certain activities by all means, but everyone needs to get real about the incredible fragility and poor long-term survival prospects of a system that thinks of mutual aid and cooperation as weaknesses that can be exploited.
they’re
Edit: I don’t know exactly where the line of IP as a public good lies, but with this many lives at stake, we’re certainly well into that kind of territory.
Is it Ok when it’s just tens of thousands, thousands, hundreds? At which number it becomes acceptable to abuse patents to sell overpriced medicines for the sick?
The system needs improvements. The pandemic is temporal. The injustice have been there for many years.
>> Does it? I don’t know. Should it? In the case of a global pandemic, it should not, IMO.
Did you include a not when you meant to not include it?
We need regulations. As I wrote before, a company is an entity having the sole purpose of making as much money as legally possible. Loose regulations = abuse, it's as simple as that.
If you tell your kid it's ok to hit people on the head with a stick you can't blame the neighbour kid when he hits you on the head with a stick.
This makes me believe that society has more control than it thinks and that we don't need as much heavy handed government controls that can have unintended consequences and strip us of our freedoms.
The deflection of personal responsibility for damaging behaviour as part of a job is a cultural problem.
There seems to be a lot of hate for the patent system. The idea of protecting investment in innovation and allowing for public disclosure through a patent is a good thing. Patent Trolls and, sometimes, corporations weaponize these by twisting the language or intent of the patent, but that doesn't mean all patents are BS, even if a company flounders. The patent office also grants its fair share of questionable patents.
Theranos raised more than US$700 million in funding. That's a lot of money and research, regardless of the execution or product failures.
My honest questions are, have you looked at the patents in the lawsuit? Are they really "bullshit," or did Theranos innovate in a way that BioFire is now using?
If those things were fixed, I think there would be a lot less hate for the patent system. Also, of course, this particular patent lawsuit would never have been possible.
That's theory and an outdated dream.
Practice is that patents are nowadays just their to defend monopolies.
They are there to be sure to atomise the concurrence which is too weak to afford an army of lawyers.
Patents are the legal version of the nuclear bomb. Nothing good get out of it, it costs to everybody a shit tons of money and you never use it for anything serious or MAD is guarantee
I truly wonder how many patents issued in the past twenty-thirty years, would stand up to _any_ amount of actual scrutiny.
I'd say there's a LOT of justified hate for the way the USPTO is operating.
He also said that a lot of the time they just get handed some sort of vague write-up with little if any help to understand it nor much access to any technical expert involved in creating it. They have to turn it into the right format to describe something and try and extract the key words or phrases that look interesting in order to build up the hierarchy of claims, but there's little real understanding there and the results probably reflect that.
Most saddening of all, he said that often works anyway, because ultimately a patent enforcement action is going to take place in a court, and it's likely to be a non-expert jury you have to convince of your case. Rather like a complex fraud trial, the issues involved may well be beyond the understanding of some of those jurors, and so to a regrettable degree. What wins cases can be who had the prettiest illustrations or had managed to coin the most intuitively relevant but still distinctive terminology.
From my experience, both filing and researching, there are good patents out there that do disclose useful things that did require some real investment to come up with them. The disclosure and the potential to licence things for mutual benefit with the inventors are beneficial in these cases. And as mentioned before, the patent lawyer I worked with seemed to be appreciate being able to use the system as intended and was keen to make sure we did get things right.
I think it's just that, like almost any government-run system almost anywhere, the relevant authorities are often under-resourced and under-qualified. There aren't enough patent examiners to keep things running at a reasonable speed, and the ones there are can't all be experts on everything or even most areas where they examine. That means the system as a whole primarily benefits large organisations that can churn out applications and get lots of them granted almost like throwing darts at a wall. Then you get the cross-licensing cabals that are weaponising their patents to prevent small-scale competition from gaining a foothold, which is the opposite of the intended effect, and the patent trolls, and other negative actors in the system.
I do have very mixed feelings on what should or should not be patentable and whether different types of invention should all be treated the same way, and indeed this very discussion is a good demonstration of why that is. But the basic principle, applied in fields where it really does promote research and disclosure, has its merits.
People will remember. A decade or two ago, during a flu outbreak that had pandemic potential (I think it was 2006), the government of Indonesia refused to share early samples. The reason? In the past, vaccine manufacturers had refused to sell flu vaccine during pandemics at a discount to the developing country.
From a game-theoretic viewpoint it makes sense - Indonesia isn't worse off if it refuses to cooperate, Indonesian citizens will die anyway. Israel calls this stance "Samson Option".
Say you're a toilet paper maker. In normal times => "your product is trivial to produce, why are you charging so much" => razor-thin margins => almost no profit. In crisis => "why are you thinking about profit" => razor-thin margins => almost no profit.
Meanwhile, you have politicians and multinationals evading tax, landlords and universities exploiting naive & vulnerable populations, Uber & Facebook skirting legislation and making bank, CEOs getting away with billions after burning $50B, elites raping kids and getting away with it, ... real "social responsibility".
That doesn't mean it has to be privately funded with an arbitrarily large profit margin, though. In much of the world, we publicly fund some research, we fund quite a lot of medical research through charitable organisations as well, and we operate largely centralised public or at least semi-public healthcare services that buy the end results of the successful research at reasonable rates because of their huge negotiating power.
I think a lot of people from the US who have never been abroad for an extended period might not even realise how far behind normal standards the US really is in terms of how it manages its medical research and healthcare provision. People in much of the world really would assume you were joking if you said someone could go bankrupt just because they were unlucky and got sick, or that vital treatments that could save many lives might be withheld just because of profits.
Ironically, this is one of the main issues that torpedoed a US-EU trade deal not that long ago after many years of negotiations, probably at considerable economic cost to both parties. The general issue of excessive patent rights, and some national issues in member states such as the NHS being the "third rail" of UK politics, turned out to be deal-breakers.
Beyond that, these are extraordinary circumstances. There will be plenty of bailouts and stimulus for you to scale your business model when the dust settles; let’s focus on scaling our response and systems to meet this crisis first shall we?
Not having to have a working _product_ is actually sensible IMO: maybe patent terms should be limited in such situations (half perhaps).
If I invent a new space rocket, how am I going to keep it quiet, as a small time inventor, long enough to get funding, and build the rocket (we're looking at 1000s of NDAs and warding off an entire rocket production facility from public view) ... do I then have to submit it for testing to make sure it conforms to the invention the patent was applied for? Maybe that requires dismantling it, or witnessing it in operation in an extra-terrestrial planets atmosphere (Mars landing capability, say) ... it's just not workable to require an embodiment to be produced.
Aside: most countries have utility or design patents that protect actual products, but these are in addition to technology patents because working around a single embodiment or design is relatively easy to do, working around a mode of operation is not.
Patent applications are already supposed to be enabling disclosures, that is guides to the skilled person in that field which would enable them to work the invention. This requirement has maybe slipped a bit; but in the US8283155 patent in question they seem to give reasonable information about the operation and scope of their idea [it's not my field].
Just my personal opinion.
Weird things like software patents and ludicrously long copyrights aside, the notion of IP has worked out decently for us. There's no way it's more important than directly saving human lives though.
Maybe, but I'd argue that the problem was granting IP rights too strong in the first place. Patents are, in principle, a useful incentive for R&D, but when the products of that R&D are medical in nature, the ethics of allowing them to be withheld become very shaky. In particular, granting patents that allow R&D organisations to recover the true overall cost of their work and make a sufficient profit to justify the endeavour is one thing, but granting patents that allow monopoly providers to set arbitrarily high costs on essential treatments is another thing entirely.
And before anyone suggests that there is no alternative to keep that research going, consider that typically it is not actually the researchers who are raking in those big profits. It is entirely possible that a centrally funded public research service that hired the same experts and provided the same labs and then used its own or external manufacturing facilities for mass production would work out more cost effective for a centralised healthcare system than the current way things work particularly in the US.
Though arguably if a company went ahead and leaped into action and saved millions of lives, when the patent holder didn't lift a finger. There is some debate on whether or not that should be punished and how that should be handled.
We need MASSIVE patent reform and to put a end to patent trolls like the one in the story
Patent trolls are nothing but Net-negative for society.
How is it ethical to let a debate about compensation, which can be had in the future, stop you from saving lives you can save, today? Especially when you're the state and it's literally your job.
Trying to prevent a coronavirus test being used because someone might owe you license fees for which you'll sue in court is plainly murder.
I think a lawyer arguing that should be at minimum disbarred, and possibly jailed, at least like someone who was violating quarantine and trying to infect people on purpose.
"If I don't make money from it, I won't bother to help save lives."
We can do without you. Even if you're medicine's Einstein and Edison rolled up together, we'll do without you.
Solves both problems.
"Update: Facing an avalanche of bad publicity, Labrador announced on Tuesday that it would grant royalty-free licenses to companies developing COVID-19 tests. The company also claims it didn't know that BioFire was working on a coronavirus test when it filed its lawsuit last week. The company seems to be going forward with the lawsuit."
If Labrador is a public company, I've got a stockholder recommendation - sell. If not, time to buy nothing from them that isn't medically necessary, and that for only as long as specific items are critical, then zip.
Cut them off and let these jackasses starve.
And that is precisely what these people are after by making the offer — if others in the industry are willing to take licenses under a patent, then the patent owner can brandish that fact as indirect evidence of the patent's supposed validity.
That kind of evidence wouldn't be dispositive by any means. At trial, though, litigation counsel will put in any evidence they can — especially "proxy" evidence that can readily be understood by non-technical people such as judges and jurors. (A classic example of such proxy evidence is, "They lied!")
(Patent attorney here, although I don't do that kind of work anymore.)
A patent owner would "lose" a patent only if someone were to successfully challenge the patent's validity or enforceability, either in court or in a USPTO proceeding. If the patent owner were to fail to defend against the challenge, then yeah, the court or USPTO might invalidate the patent.
Now to be sure, if a patent owner were to wait too long to assert a patent against an infringer, that could complicate the patent owner's efforts to get royalties or an injunction (a stop-use order) later on against that infringer, and possibly against other infringers.
And any infringer might try to use the patent owner's delay as proxy evidence that the patent owner didn't really believe that the patent was valid.
But failure to assert a patent, in and of itself, will normally have no bearing on a patent's validity or life.
Failing to sue someone is not cause for cancellation of registered marks. Neither in USA nor EU AFAIAA.
This is not legal advice; it is my personal opinion and makes no representation about any associate or employee that I might be linked with.
Not quite. Thermos, escalator, and cellophane became generic terms, free for anyone to use, because everyone started using them and the trademark owners didn't try to stop them. [0] That's why Xerox famously advertised that we should say that we made a Xerox copy of a document, not that we xeroxed it.
(Aspirin also became generic, and thus free for anyone to use, in the U.S., but that's because the trademark was seized from its German owner, Bayer AG, as part of reparations after World War I. [1] Aspirin is still a trademark of Bayer in most of the rest of the world.)
[0] https://www.inta.org/INTABulletin/Pages/ASPIRINBrandorAspiri...
[1] https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-09-13-fi-38019-...
FTFY.
!
As an (admittedly absurd) example, if I set up a company that sells cures via mana crystal magic, I could still end up with a novel, patentable process for crystallizing exotic compounds that would otherwise tend to explode during crystallization.
I don't know much about the actual patent in question, but it sounds like it's a patent prohibited by Alice anyways.
Even if the overly broad, ridiculous patent was somehow 'invented', what Holmes and crew did was reprehensible all by itself.
“The Congress shall have Power To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries….”
Can't Congress , on an emergency basis, simply define "limited Times" to a very short duration for critical therapies.
Let's convince them.
One of the annoying things about patent law is because it is so technical, it requires experts to determine if what the plaintiff is saying is ridiculous on its face as the judge may be clueless about the technical aspects of the case.
My answer is "probably not". This is too big a public health issue. Any company that slows down the process in the name of business is going to find themselves in a PR storm and likely government action will make them give up any control they might have.
Why doesn't the same apply to patents and drugs?
This is way beyond only immoral.
Morgan Chu
Alan J. Heinrich
Keith A. Orso
S. Adina Stohl
Dennis J. Courtney
Brian M. Weissenberg
Chaplin J. Carmichael
It would be nice if the California bar considered their actions in this matter.
Acting against your peers or breaking confidentiality gets you out rapidly; having personal problems, say drugs, does to — and I’m not challenging that. But defending things that really should not seems to fail to trigger any reaction. I guess that bad people need lawyers more but I’m curious if there is a line or a reasoning that would help there.
Who decides what's immoral? Not too long ago, interracial dating was also considered "immoral" by plenty of people. Plenty of injustice was perpetrated by pushing moral agendas.
I frankly think it's crazy to be so ready to lynch others for working within robust systems that evolved over centuries because these systems sometimes violate their personal sensibilities. These systems have their own (evolving) standards of ethics, and unless you understand them and the reason they exist, don't be so quick to cast aspersions.
And I think it's crazy to excuse people for abject immorality simply because they can lawyer their way around legal claims.
Moral consensus might get us bad decisions: I'd be interested to know how many lawyers private life would be deleteriously effected if the bar upheld a standard that accorded with the overwhelming moral tide of society at the time. Sure the tide moves, but the deleterious effect of that tide beyond the deleterious effect of the laws those people make would seem to be naturally curtailed.
In short if the overwhelming majority found something to be immoral then it would seem a reasonable standard to apply now. Of course in the fullness of time we might reject those moral standards, but equally we might reject legislation - or conversely begrudge not having been more stringent in our moral arbitration of the deleterious actions of rogue elements in society.
In short your argument is impotent, and swings both ways in its impotency.
The main problem is defining what is abjectly immoral, what amounts to an overwhelming majority, etc.. If we pushed a high moral standard at each lawyer's bar, and excluded those who actually had some moral probity (false negatives for taking actions "highly contrary to public morality") then would it be too much cost if we then removed for more people whose actions were shocking to public moral mores?
Majority consensus does not entail truth of any kind. Your "reasonable standard" would have seen no lawyer able to defend Rosa Parks.
> The main problem is defining what is abjectly immoral, what amounts to an overwhelming majority, etc.
A deceptively pleasant sounding summary of two problems so deep that they've had no resolution despite millennia of philosophical debate. And you call my argument impotent.