The construction being referenced is On Error [ERR_NO] Goto LABEL, which is not usually local to the error, and, depending on the dialect may be a generic handler that first needs to figure out what error it's handling.
(With the obvious exceptions of longjmp and panic/defer, global vs local var, and Go forcing to assign the error.)
On Error Resume Next isn't great, but calling it much worse than On Error Goto, or much worse than other languages, is a stretch.
My point is only that people complain about it in VB disproportionally often compared to other languages. (Does that mitigate the issue to some extent, if every VB dev is super aware of it?)
Usually much cleaner than jumping to somewhere else, but that had its uses too.