In my current Bay Area employment, if I am sick I stay home. If I feel well enough to work I do, otherwise I don't. No questions/justifications asked besides giving my teammates a heads up over text.
When I worked for a French company, being sick meant having to go to the doctor (writing a 23 euro check out of pocket that was reimbursed a month or two later) to get an official sick note to justify my absence from work, otherwise I would get penalized.
I don't disagree with your hypothesis, but also European paternalism is real.