1. You could use a float. 2. Probably in the documentation of whatever it is that's using it
Current precision with a 32-bit float (JSON/JavaScript are 64-bit usually, though in non-JS it's common to use Bigdecimal in slight non-compliance) is much worse than one second.
That's the point, timestamps should be self-describing. If "look up the structure in documentation" suffices we might as well just use protobufs.