OOP is not a helpful paradigm for modeling systems. If it was, we would design digital circuits with classes. But, of course that's not possible. Because classes are absolutely a horrible metaphor for representing shared state at runtime. And, that's most of what modern systems are doing. Have you ever stopped to consider that a class API is effectively the pin-out to a chip that's missing it's observable state vs input specification? Nobody would use that chip because it's actually not adequately documented. And, so why people think OOP is still a reasonable basis for building re-usable code and expressing ideas about system architecture after decades of disappointment is one of software enduring mysteries. My speculation is that the half-life of talented engineers before they become managers is approximately equal to the number of years you need to seriously struggle with OOP before you have enough perspective to start having ideas of your own. And, then you switch to management, and buy a book on design patterns, and kick the can to the next generation.