Thanks for this. I hadn't read it before, and it's quite interesting. In particular:

> One way to be sure? Ask them, “Are you alright?” If they can answer at all – they probably are.

When I was a kid, I spent a few summers learning to sail. Part of our training included responding to falling overboard or capsizing our small boats with crews of two. Our instructors insisted that whenever this happened we first call out to each other, "Are you okay?" and confirm it before attempting to right the boat. I never understood why, but now I do.