I'll focus here on the knowledge of the key people you're about to lose. Ideas:
* If they're good at documenting, and willing to, task them to do as much of that as possible. The documenting might be in adding code comments and API docs, writing separate text files, etc. The person might not be able to document off-the-cuff, but have to work through a topic slowly, such as going through and re-understanding some old code themselves, going through a manual process that they do automatically and reflecting on the whys, etc.
* If some of the information is amenable to giving a talk to other employees, with a Q&A section, that might work, too.
* Another option is to have another employee interview the person leaving about one or more topics, and either type notes as they go, or record it and get a transcription. The interviewing person should be able to understand the topics.
* For tasks the person leaving does, you could have other people do the tasks while the person leaving is available for questions, and one of them documents as it goes. Depending on the task, it might make sense to have the knowledge-holder right there, both answering and observing, rather than only available for questions on-demand.
Side suggestion about accessibility/discoverability/maintainability of all this new documentation: consider keeping the medium simple, and avoiding a proliferation of locations, formats, a dozen bullpoop communication SaaSes, etc. For most software work, for example, inline embedded source code comments and API docs can be an easy way to try to keep a lot of information accessible in context and maintained. Some other information that doesn't fit well in source code, such as ops architecture and procedures, might be Markdown files in that same code repo, or another one. The occasional video file you just can't check into git might be a rare indispensible one, but can still be linked from a Markdown file that's in your repo, but even then, maybe you also have a text transcript in the repo, or someone turns a talk into edited docs in the repo.
Incidentally, much earlier in organizational knowledge sharing, I vaguely recall a study by a consulting firm (sorry, no cite handy, and I'm not 100% sure I remember which big-name firm), in which they found that people were resistant to having their knowledge captured in a system, because that knowledge was an asset of the individual. Your key people leaving might be more altruistic than that, want to help out their colleagues, want to have a good word-of-mouth reputation, have a sense of professionalism about it, have equity in the company, etc. You might like them to do knowledge transfer to a degree that's really above&beyond the call, so consider how you might acknowledge and thank them for that. It might also be a good example for others, and promote more proactive good practices for organizational knowledge.