I think that the crown of the oldest running business should go to the Roman Catholic Church, which was formally created in 325 AD, but in practice is a couple of centuries older. It is also the first transnational corporation in history.
I always thought of the Pope as "COO, Earth Division."
Are probably the most "Middle Eastern", but apparently they, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Catholicism were all the same church until various splits happened, so I'm not sure if you can say any of them are "older".
The Great Schism of 1054 can be viewed as just a corporate split due to political pressure, which it was. It didn't seriously change anything about the business of the parent company.
It sort of did, though. Easier to define your own standards when you don't need consensus from peers, no?
In either case, I think it's funny to consider the Roman Catholic Church as "the parent company". It's a little dismissive of all other Apostolic Sees and sort of rewrites history a bit to imply that Roman Catholicism was the root of Christianity. Technically, you'd want to use the pre-ecumenical council of Jerusalem (year 50) and that nearly all modern Orthodox churches and the Catholic church share a starting date.
That's the only reason the Roman diocese became dominant. Not any sort of lineage or pedigree.
There's a very informative youtube video about the schism: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6rWf0k8d78
The English colonies preceded that, but it was not British. Cromwell's invasion of Ireland was the start of the plantation system, i.e. settler colonies.
Before that there was the brief Anglo-French dual monarchy during the reign of Henry VI.
And before that there was the larger Angevin Empire which included Britain, Ireland, and the western half of France. However I would consider that Norman rather than English as the rulers spoke French.
But even if you don’t do that, for a long time the British empire was a corporation — the east India company.
QE2 and House of 'Windsor' (heavy quotes) however, can trace their lineage back to the days pre-Norma invasion, so a little over 1K years by that measure.