You're missing anything that uses notes outside of a typical diatonic scale. Example: The first 2 notes of the popular piano piece Fur Elise. It uses an Eb. The piece is in A-minor/C-major and Eb isn't in that scale. That piece also uses a G#. The addition of the Eb and G# means you need at least 9 tones to represent that melody.

Many Spanish songs use what's called the Andalusian Cadence which will use the equivalent of that G# in melodies too as well as the non-sharped note.

Any blues singing will use that "blue" note that is off the diatonic scale.

A song like Jamiroquai's Picture of My Life has a little color note that feature prominantly in the melody in the opening line "... I can follow through." The note on "through".